Determination of time period of fruit-bud-differentiation and the associated histological and biochemical changes in mango hybrids.
Palanichamy V., Reddy N. N., Babu S., Emmanuel Selvaraj, Aranganathan, Bhaskar Mitra
Author Affiliation: SBST, VIT, Vellore, Tamilnadu and CRIDA, Hyderabad, India.
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences 3 : 271-290
Abstract : The present study was carried to find out the time period of fruit bud differentiation of mango hybrids namely Amatrapali, Mallika and Pusa Arunima and the associated morphological and biochemical changes during last week of September to the last week of December for the 2003-04 and 2004-05 under Delhi condition. The fruit-bud-initiation process was started from 15th October in all the hybrids. The initiation and differentiation of progressively increased from 15th October to 15th November maximum number of fruit buds differentiated. The differentiation continued and the buds reached their advance stage of differentiation by 15th December. Four stages of fruit bud could distinctly be identified in the process of fruit-bud-differentiation. The first stage was represented by the emergence of broad conical protuberances in the axis of scales of fruit bud. In the second stage, the buds became plump by 15th November; histotlogically the main axis of fruit bud protruded conically and came out from the scales. Histologically, the main axis elongated and became multi-lobed due to development of primary branches of flower panicle. In third stage, the main axis further elongated. Whereas, the primary and secondary branches showed lobing. In fourth stage, the scales started loosening, which indicted the 'bud break'. Further elongation of the axis and the loosening of scales made the bud enter into the 'bud break' stage which was the most advance stage of fruit-bud-differentiation. The vegetative bud showed hardly any difference between the different stages of development. While studying the biochemical factors associated with fruit-bud-differentiation it was found that the total sugars, total phenols have been found increasing during the process of fruit-bud-differentiation in all the hybrids during the study period. The total carbohydrates, total nitrogen and the ratio of total carbohydrates to total nitrogen have been found decreasing during fruit-bud-differentiation.