Genetic and morphological identification of some mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars.
Aly M. A., El-Wakil H. M., El-Assar A. M., Kabel S. A.
Author Affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Saba-Basha, Alexandria, Egypt.
Egyptian Journal of Horticulture 38 : 101-118
Abstract : The present study was conducted during 2006 and 2007 seasons in Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University (Saba Bash extension) for detecting the differences among leaf shape indices, fruit quality traits, molecular markers (including protein analysis and isozymes) and DNA analysis of nine mango cultivars namely Mesk, Alphonso, Hindi, Fajri Clan, Zebda, Taimour, Ewais, Langra and Siddik. Data of this study indicated that leaf shape indices were certain indicators for cultivars identification. Cultivars were differing in leaf length and width. Leaf length/leaf width at the widest region (L/W0) index could identify 88.8% of the studied cultivars. Degree of leaf roundedness at basal quarter (2W1/L) index could identify 44.4% of the studied cultivars. Degree of leaf roundedness at upper quarter (2W2/3L) index could identify 33.3% of the studied cultivars. Results of fruit physical and chemical characters showed superiority of some cultivars in some studied fruit quality traits. Since, Fajri Clan cv. was statistically superior in fruit weight, pulp weight and fruit volume. The statistical better pulp/fruit weight percentage and the statistical lowest seed weight/fruit weight (%) have been recorded with Zebda cv. The statistical highest TSS (%) content was recorded with Ewais and Mesk cvs. The statistical lowest fruit juice acidity (%) was noted with Hindi cv., while Siddik cv. was related to the statistical highest vitamin C content (mg/100 g). Also, molecular markers were good clearance, for mango cultivars identification. Protein profiles of studied mango cultivars reflected many protein bands ranged from five bands for Alphonso, Ewais and Siddik cvs. and seven bands for Mesk, Fajri Clan, Hindi, Zebda, Taimour and Langra cvs. However, these bands were different in their molecular weights. Preroxidase isozymes patterns showed four bands for Langra cv., five bands for Mesk, Hindi, Fajri Clan, Taimour, and Siddik cvs., six bands for Alphonso and Ewais cvs., or seven bands for Zebda cv. Esterase isozymes patterns showed one band for Taimour cv., two bands for Mesk, Alphonso and Ewais cvs., three bands for Hindi and Fajri Clan cvs., four bands for Siddik cv., or five bands for Zebda and Langra cvs. Genomic of studied mango cultivars showed various bands with different molecular weights among the nine studied mango cultivars. According to DNA patterns, cultivars mainly divided into main and sub main clusters as well as branches with various genetic similarities.